Basic Electronic Elements

1. Resistors
2. Capacitors
3. Inductors (Coils)
4. Transformer
5. Transducers
6. Transistors
7. ICs (Integrated Circuits)
8. Diodes

These are the main components we often use in Electronics.

1. Resistor

Here the name Resistor suggests that it opposes something.A element which opposes the electrical friction or electric current( flow of electrons ) is called as Resistor. Here I have shown the image of a resistor.

Resistors with various sizes 

Assume a water flowing pipe.Water flows with a pressure inside a pipe. We can control the flow of water with a valve. Here the valve behaves like a resistor. When the valve presents then flow of the water reduces.

Water flow analogy

'ohm' is the unit for resistance. examples: Milli ohm, micro ohm, mega ohm,etc.

Depending on our requirement we use various sizes.

Resistor symbol:

Resistor schematic symbol

When we arrange two or more resistors in a series then the total resistance will be increased. In series model the voltage will be divided.

2. Capacitor

An electronic device which stores electrical charge. It can be made from two conducting plates separated by a dielectric(insulator) element.

Capacitor can be used as a filter in some sort of circuits. Let me take an example,We use Capacitors in rectifiers to remove the noise (unwanted frequency). Capacitor doesn't allow d.c. voltage passing though it. But it allows A.C. voltage.

Capacitor circuit symbol

Capacitor symbol

Two equal parallel lines indicate the capacitor. We have different types of capacitors. Like electrolytic,ceramic capacitors.

Electrolytic capacitor

Ceramic capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor has polarity.It has a positive terminal and negative terminal.Compare with other capacitors it has more capacity to store electrical charge. Small terminal indicates negative polarity,other indicates positive polarity. Ceramic doesn't have special terminals.

3.Inductors( Coils )

Inductors is also called as reactor or coil. It consists a conducting wire,which resists electric current passing through it.It is basically made with wire wound. When current is passing through it,it stores energy temporarily in the form of electro-magnetic field.

The name inductor suggests that it induces the voltage.

Unit for inductor is "henry"

Circuit symbol of inductor

Inductors

We use inductors in Radios,Televisions,Computer mother boards,etc.

4.Transformers

Transformer is an electronic device which is used to transfer energy between two circuits with induction.It works based on mutual induction method.It transfers energy from one coil to another coil.